golden hour

/usr/share/perl5/pod

File/Folder	Size	Actions
a2p.pod	5.96 KB
perl.pod	15.43 KB
perl5004delta.pod	54.92 KB
perl5005delta.pod	33.48 KB
perl5100delta.pod	53.41 KB
perl5101delta.pod	42.86 KB
perl5120delta.pod	87.19 KB
perl5121delta.pod	9.91 KB
perl5122delta.pod	9.38 KB
perl5123delta.pod	4 KB
perl5124delta.pod	3.59 KB
perl5140delta.pod	140.94 KB
perl5141delta.pod	7.78 KB
perl5142delta.pod	6.73 KB
perl5143delta.pod	7.58 KB
perl5160delta.pod	130.52 KB
perl5161delta.pod	6 KB
perl5162delta.pod	3.51 KB
perl5163delta.pod	3.99 KB
perl561delta.pod	121.79 KB
perl56delta.pod	104.68 KB
perl581delta.pod	37.17 KB
perl582delta.pod	4.37 KB
perl583delta.pod	6.19 KB
perl584delta.pod	7.19 KB
perl585delta.pod	5.75 KB
perl586delta.pod	4.54 KB
perl587delta.pod	8.16 KB
perl588delta.pod	24.68 KB
perl589delta.pod	52.64 KB
perl58delta.pod	112.21 KB
perlaix.pod	18.77 KB
perlamiga.pod	6.87 KB
perlapi.pod	315.46 KB
perlapio.pod	18.88 KB
perlartistic.pod	6.85 KB
perlbeos.pod	2.87 KB
perlbook.pod	7.19 KB
perlboot.pod	183 B
perlbot.pod	182 B
perlbs2000.pod	7.73 KB
perlcall.pod	54.03 KB
perlce.pod	8.72 KB
perlcheat.pod	4.39 KB
perlclib.pod	7.5 KB
perlcn.pod	4.82 KB
perlcommunity.pod	6.29 KB
perlcygwin.pod	27.17 KB
perldata.pod	36.33 KB
perldbmfilter.pod	4.86 KB
perldebguts.pod	36.79 KB
perldebtut.pod	20.79 KB
perldebug.pod	38.15 KB
perldelta.pod	3.99 KB
perldgux.pod	2.75 KB
perldiag.pod	207.82 KB
perldos.pod	10.28 KB
perldsc.pod	24.84 KB
perldtrace.pod	6.21 KB
perlebcdic.pod	67.61 KB
perlembed.pod	35.21 KB
perlepoc.pod	3.57 KB
perlexperiment.pod	4.84 KB
perlfaq.pod	22.01 KB
perlfaq1.pod	13.52 KB
perlfaq2.pod	9.28 KB
perlfaq3.pod	37.46 KB
perlfaq4.pod	87.39 KB
perlfaq5.pod	54.11 KB
perlfaq6.pod	38.66 KB
perlfaq7.pod	36.35 KB
perlfaq8.pod	48.28 KB
perlfaq9.pod	14.71 KB
perlfork.pod	12.78 KB
perlform.pod	16.29 KB
perlfreebsd.pod	1.55 KB
perlfunc.pod	338.43 KB
perlgit.pod	29.75 KB
perlglossary.pod	110.66 KB
perlgpl.pod	13.54 KB
perlguts.pod	111.66 KB
perlhack.pod	35.03 KB
perlhacktips.pod	45.5 KB
perlhacktut.pod	6.07 KB
perlhaiku.pod	1.47 KB
perlhist.pod	43.32 KB
perlhpux.pod	28.07 KB
perlhurd.pod	1.94 KB
perlintern.pod	42.53 KB
perlinterp.pod	30 KB
perlintro.pod	22.08 KB
perliol.pod	33.03 KB
perlipc.pod	70.17 KB
perlirix.pod	4.29 KB
perljp.pod	7.57 KB
perlko.pod	7.52 KB
perllexwarn.pod	14.61 KB
perllinux.pod	1.45 KB
perllocale.pod	51.43 KB
perllol.pod	10.93 KB
perlmacos.pod	1001 B
perlmacosx.pod	10.4 KB
perlmod.pod	24.04 KB
perlmodinstall.pod	12.41 KB
perlmodlib.pod	78.49 KB
perlmodstyle.pod	20.76 KB
perlmpeix.pod	14.24 KB
perlmroapi.pod	3.13 KB
perlnetware.pod	6.35 KB
perlnewmod.pod	10.95 KB
perlnumber.pod	8.16 KB
perlobj.pod	33.65 KB
perlootut.pod	25.6 KB
perlop.pod	121.73 KB
perlopenbsd.pod	1.18 KB
perlopentut.pod	37.53 KB
perlos2.pod	90.53 KB
perlos390.pod	15.2 KB
perlos400.pod	4.51 KB
perlpacktut.pod	49.83 KB
perlperf.pod	50.05 KB
perlplan9.pod	5 KB
perlpod.pod	21.27 KB
perlpodspec.pod	66.2 KB
perlpolicy.pod	19.73 KB
perlport.pod	82.63 KB
perlpragma.pod	5.11 KB
perlqnx.pod	4.14 KB
perlre.pod	100.76 KB
perlreapi.pod	25.17 KB
perlrebackslash.pod	25.64 KB
perlrecharclass.pod	34.19 KB
perlref.pod	28.32 KB
perlreftut.pod	18.23 KB
perlreguts.pod	36 KB
perlrequick.pod	17.5 KB
perlreref.pod	14.19 KB
perlretut.pod	115.13 KB
perlriscos.pod	1.49 KB
perlrun.pod	49.58 KB
perlsec.pod	22.77 KB
perlsolaris.pod	28.63 KB
perlsource.pod	6.19 KB
perlstyle.pod	8.42 KB
perlsub.pod	55.15 KB
perlsymbian.pod	15.44 KB
perlsyn.pod	41.04 KB
perlthrtut.pod	45.41 KB
perltie.pod	37.02 KB
perltoc.pod	639 KB
perltodo.pod	362 B
perltooc.pod	183 B
perltoot.pod	183 B
perltrap.pod	40.28 KB
perltru64.pod	7.55 KB
perltw.pod	5.15 KB
perlunicode.pod	70.89 KB
perlunifaq.pod	13.31 KB
perluniintro.pod	35.44 KB
perluniprops.pod	229.74 KB
perlunitut.pod	7.76 KB
perlutil.pod	9.68 KB
perluts.pod	3.11 KB
perlvar.pod	69.19 KB
perlvmesa.pod	3.88 KB
perlvms.pod	51.33 KB
perlvos.pod	5.82 KB
perlwin32.pod	34.58 KB
perlxs.pod	71.66 KB
perlxstut.pod	48.52 KB
perlxstypemap.pod	22.97 KB

Edit: perlclib.pod

=head1 NAME

perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions

=head1 DESCRIPTION

One thing Perl porters should note is that F<perl> doesn't tend to use that
much of the C standard library internally; you'll see very little use of, 
for example, the F<ctype.h> functions in there. This is because Perl
tends to reimplement or abstract standard library functions, so that we
know exactly how they're going to operate.

This is a reference card for people who are familiar with the C library
and who want to do things the Perl way; to tell them which functions
they ought to use instead of the more normal C functions.

=head2 Conventions

In the following tables:

=over 3

=item C<t>

is a type.

=item C<p>

is a pointer.

=item C<n>

is a number.

=item C<s>

is a string.

=back

C<sv>, C<av>, C<hv>, etc. represent variables of their respective types.

=head2 File Operations

Instead of the F<stdio.h> functions, you should use the Perl abstraction
layer. Instead of C<FILE*> types, you need to be handling C<PerlIO*>
types.  Don't forget that with the new PerlIO layered I/O abstraction 
C<FILE*> types may not even be available. See also the C<perlapio>
documentation for more information about the following functions:

Instead Of:                 Use:

stdin                       PerlIO_stdin()
    stdout                      PerlIO_stdout()
    stderr                      PerlIO_stderr()

fopen(fn, mode)             PerlIO_open(fn, mode)
    freopen(fn, mode, stream)   PerlIO_reopen(fn, mode, perlio) (Deprecated)
    fflush(stream)              PerlIO_flush(perlio)
    fclose(stream)              PerlIO_close(perlio)

=head2 File Input and Output

Instead Of:                 Use:

fprintf(stream, fmt, ...)   PerlIO_printf(perlio, fmt, ...)

[f]getc(stream)             PerlIO_getc(perlio)
    [f]putc(stream, n)          PerlIO_putc(perlio, n)
    ungetc(n, stream)           PerlIO_ungetc(perlio, n)

Note that the PerlIO equivalents of C<fread> and C<fwrite> are slightly
different from their C library counterparts:

fread(p, size, n, stream)   PerlIO_read(perlio, buf, numbytes)
    fwrite(p, size, n, stream)  PerlIO_write(perlio, buf, numbytes)

fputs(s, stream)            PerlIO_puts(perlio, s)

There is no equivalent to C<fgets>; one should use C<sv_gets> instead:

fgets(s, n, stream)         sv_gets(sv, perlio, append)

=head2 File Positioning

Instead Of:                 Use:

feof(stream)                PerlIO_eof(perlio)
    fseek(stream, n, whence)    PerlIO_seek(perlio, n, whence)
    rewind(stream)              PerlIO_rewind(perlio)

fgetpos(stream, p)          PerlIO_getpos(perlio, sv)
    fsetpos(stream, p)          PerlIO_setpos(perlio, sv)

ferror(stream)              PerlIO_error(perlio)
    clearerr(stream)            PerlIO_clearerr(perlio)

=head2 Memory Management and String Handling

Instead Of:                 	Use:

t* p = malloc(n)            	Newx(id, p, n, t)
    t* p = calloc(n, s)         	Newxz(id, p, n, t)
    p = realloc(p, n)           	Renew(p, n, t)
    memcpy(dst, src, n)         	Copy(src, dst, n, t)
    memmove(dst, src, n)        	Move(src, dst, n, t)
    memcpy(dst, src, sizeof(t))		StructCopy(src, dst, t)
    memset(dst, 0, n * sizeof(t))	Zero(dst, n, t)
    memzero(dst, 0)			Zero(dst, n, char)
    free(p)             	        Safefree(p)

strdup(p)                   savepv(p)
    strndup(p, n)               savepvn(p, n) (Hey, strndup doesn't exist!)

strstr(big, little)         instr(big, little)
    strcmp(s1, s2)              strLE(s1, s2) / strEQ(s1, s2) / strGT(s1,s2)
    strncmp(s1, s2, n)          strnNE(s1, s2, n) / strnEQ(s1, s2, n)

Notice the different order of arguments to C<Copy> and C<Move> than used
in C<memcpy> and C<memmove>.

Most of the time, though, you'll want to be dealing with SVs internally
instead of raw C<char *> strings:

strlen(s)                   sv_len(sv)
    strcpy(dt, src)             sv_setpv(sv, s)
    strncpy(dt, src, n)         sv_setpvn(sv, s, n)
    strcat(dt, src)             sv_catpv(sv, s)
    strncat(dt, src)            sv_catpvn(sv, s)
    sprintf(s, fmt, ...)        sv_setpvf(sv, fmt, ...)

Note also the existence of C<sv_catpvf> and C<sv_vcatpvfn>, combining
concatenation with formatting.

Sometimes instead of zeroing the allocated heap by using Newxz() you
should consider "poisoning" the data.  This means writing a bit
pattern into it that should be illegal as pointers (and floating point
numbers), and also hopefully surprising enough as integers, so that
any code attempting to use the data without forethought will break
sooner rather than later.  Poisoning can be done using the Poison()
macros, which have similar arguments to Zero():

PoisonWith(dst, n, t, b)    scribble memory with byte b
    PoisonNew(dst, n, t)        equal to PoisonWith(dst, n, t, 0xAB)
    PoisonFree(dst, n, t)       equal to PoisonWith(dst, n, t, 0xEF)
    Poison(dst, n, t)           equal to PoisonFree(dst, n, t)

=head2 Character Class Tests

There are two types of character class tests that Perl implements: one
type deals in C<char>s and are thus B<not> Unicode aware (and hence
deprecated unless you B<know> you should use them) and the other type
deal in C<UV>s and know about Unicode properties. In the following
table, C<c> is a C<char>, and C<u> is a Unicode codepoint.

Instead Of:                 Use:            But better use:

isalnum(c)                  isALNUM(c)      isALNUM_uni(u)
    isalpha(c)                  isALPHA(c)      isALPHA_uni(u)
    iscntrl(c)                  isCNTRL(c)      isCNTRL_uni(u)
    isdigit(c)                  isDIGIT(c)      isDIGIT_uni(u)
    isgraph(c)                  isGRAPH(c)      isGRAPH_uni(u)
    islower(c)                  isLOWER(c)      isLOWER_uni(u)
    isprint(c)                  isPRINT(c)      isPRINT_uni(u)
    ispunct(c)                  isPUNCT(c)      isPUNCT_uni(u)
    isspace(c)                  isSPACE(c)      isSPACE_uni(u)
    isupper(c)                  isUPPER(c)      isUPPER_uni(u)
    isxdigit(c)                 isXDIGIT(c)     isXDIGIT_uni(u)

tolower(c)                  toLOWER(c)      toLOWER_uni(u)
    toupper(c)                  toUPPER(c)      toUPPER_uni(u)

=head2 F<stdlib.h> functions

Instead Of:                 Use:

atof(s)                     Atof(s)
    atol(s)                     Atol(s)
    strtod(s, &p)               Nothing.  Just don't use it.
    strtol(s, &p, n)            Strtol(s, &p, n)
    strtoul(s, &p, n)           Strtoul(s, &p, n)

Notice also the C<grok_bin>, C<grok_hex>, and C<grok_oct> functions in
F<numeric.c> for converting strings representing numbers in the respective
bases into C<NV>s.

In theory C<Strtol> and C<Strtoul> may not be defined if the machine perl is
built on doesn't actually have strtol and strtoul. But as those 2
functions are part of the 1989 ANSI C spec we suspect you'll find them
everywhere by now.

int rand()                  double Drand01()
    srand(n)                    { seedDrand01((Rand_seed_t)n); 
                                  PL_srand_called = TRUE; }

exit(n)                     my_exit(n)
    system(s)                   Don't. Look at pp_system or use my_popen

getenv(s)                   PerlEnv_getenv(s)
    setenv(s, val)              my_putenv(s, val)

=head2 Miscellaneous functions

You should not even B<want> to use F<setjmp.h> functions, but if you
think you do, use the C<JMPENV> stack in F<scope.h> instead.

For C<signal>/C<sigaction>, use C<rsignal(signo, handler)>.

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<perlapi>, L<perlapio>, L<perlguts>