golden hour

/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/yum

File/Folder	Size	Actions
Errors.py	4.26 KB
Errors.pyc	9.08 KB
__init__.py	304.17 KB
__init__.pyc	199.58 KB
callbacks.py	5.64 KB
callbacks.pyc	6.23 KB
comps.py	31.59 KB
comps.pyc	26.87 KB
config.py	49.89 KB
config.pyc	48.02 KB
constants.py	4.94 KB
constants.pyc	3.46 KB
depsolve.py	74.05 KB
depsolve.pyc	46.75 KB
drpm.py	12.65 KB
drpm.pyc	10.69 KB
failover.py	5 KB
failover.pyc	5.24 KB
fssnapshots.py	10.16 KB
fssnapshots.pyc	9.75 KB
history.py	61.13 KB
history.pyc	53.31 KB
i18n.py	20.44 KB
i18n.pyc	16.05 KB
igroups.py	9.31 KB
igroups.pyc	10.22 KB
logginglevels.py	7.9 KB
logginglevels.pyc	6.51 KB
mdparser.py	6.26 KB
mdparser.pyc	7.58 KB
metalink.py	9.19 KB
metalink.pyc	8.84 KB
misc.py	39.57 KB
misc.pyc	39.58 KB
packageSack.py	40.79 KB
packageSack.pyc	41.88 KB
packages.py	84.1 KB
packages.pyc	84.51 KB
parser.py	7.97 KB
parser.pyc	6.5 KB
pgpmsg.py	53.5 KB
pgpmsg.pyc	38.27 KB
pkgtag_db.py	4.86 KB
pkgtag_db.pyc	5.06 KB
plugins.py	28.1 KB
plugins.pyc	29.1 KB
repoMDObject.py	11.23 KB
repoMDObject.pyc	9.17 KB
repos.py	16.53 KB
repos.pyc	17.38 KB
rpmsack.py	70.25 KB
rpmsack.pyc	58.36 KB
rpmtrans.py	24.84 KB
rpmtrans.pyc	22.54 KB
sqlitesack.py	69.76 KB
sqlitesack.pyc	53.75 KB
sqlutils.py	6.27 KB
sqlutils.pyc	5.6 KB
transactioninfo.py	33.78 KB
transactioninfo.pyc	30.29 KB
update_md.py	25.9 KB
update_md.pyc	21.72 KB
updateinfo.py	18.29 KB
updateinfo.pyc	16.36 KB
yumRepo.py	83.85 KB
yumRepo.pyc	64.83 KB

Edit: update_md.py

#!/usr/bin/python -t
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU Library General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
# Copyright 2005 Duke University 
#
# Seth Vidal <skvidal@linux.duke.edu>
# Luke Macken <lmacken@redhat.com>

"""
Update metadata (updateinfo.xml) parsing.
"""

import sys

from yum.i18n import utf8_text_wrap, to_utf8, to_unicode, _
from yum.yumRepo import YumRepository
from yum.packages import FakeRepository
from yum.misc import to_xml, decompress, repo_gen_decompress
from yum.misc import cElementTree_iterparse as iterparse 
import Errors

import logginglevels

import rpmUtils.miscutils
from rpmUtils.arch import ArchStorage

def safe_iterparse(filename, logger=None):
    """ Works like iterparse, but hides XML errors (prints a warning). """
    try:
        for event, elem in iterparse(filename):
            yield event, elem
    except SyntaxError: # Bad XML
        if logger:
            logger.critical(_("Updateinfo file is not valid XML: %s"), filename)
        else:
            print >> sys.stderr, "Updateinfo file is not valid XML:", filename

class UpdateNoticeException(Exception):
    """ An exception thrown for bad UpdateNotice data. """
    pass

class UpdateNotice(object):

"""
    A single update notice (for instance, a security fix).
    """

def __init__(self, elem=None, repoid=None, vlogger=None):
        self._md = {
            'from'             : '',
            'type'             : '',
            'title'            : '',
            'release'          : '',
            'status'           : '',
            'version'          : '',
            'pushcount'        : '',
            'update_id'        : '',
            'issued'           : '',
            'updated'          : '',
            'description'      : '',
            'rights'           : '',
            'severity'         : '',
            'summary'          : '',
            'solution'         : '',
            'references'       : [],
            'pkglist'          : [],
            'reboot_suggested' : False
        }

if elem:
            self._parse(elem)

self._repoid = repoid
        self._vlogger = vlogger

def __getitem__(self, item):
        """ Allows scriptable metadata access (ie: un['update_id']). """
        if type(item) is int:
            return sorted(self._md)[item]
        ret = self._md.get(item)
        if ret == '':
            ret = None
        return ret

def __contains__(self, item):
        """ Allows quick tests for foo in blah. """
        return item in self._md

def __setitem__(self, item, val):
        self._md[item] = val

def __eq__(self, other):
        #  Tests to see if it's "the same data", which means that the
        # packages can be different (see add_notice).

def _rid(un):
            if hasattr(un, '_repoid') and un._repoid is not None:
                return un._repoid
            else:
                return '<unknown>'

def _log_failure(data):
            """Log the mismatched data similarly to conflict markers in git."""
            if self._vlogger is None:
                return
            msg = _('Duplicate of %s differs in some fields:\n')
            msg %= other._md['update_id']
            msg += '<<<<<<< %s:%s\n' % (_rid(other), data)
            msg += '%r\n=======\n%r\n' % (other._md[data], self._md[data])
            msg += '>>>>>>> %s:%s' % (_rid(self), data)
            # --verbose mode enables this
            self._vlogger.log(logginglevels.DEBUG_3, msg)

if not other or not hasattr(other, '_md'):
            return False

for data in ('type', 'update_id', 'status', 'rights',
                     'severity', 'release',
                     'issued', 'updated', 'version', 'pushcount',
                     'from', 'title', 'summary', 'description', 'solution'):
            if data == 'status': # FIXME: See below...
                continue
            if self._md[data] != other._md[data]:
                _log_failure(data)
                return False
        # FIXME: Massive hack, Fedora is really broken and gives status=stable
        # and status=testing for updateinfo notices, just depending on which
        # repo. they come from.
        data = 'status'
        if self._md[data] != other._md[data]:
            if self._md[data]  not in ('stable', 'testing'):
                _log_failure(data)
                return False
            if other._md[data] not in ('stable', 'testing'):
                _log_failure(data)
                return False
            # They are both really "stable" ...
            self._md[data]  = 'stable'
            other._md[data] = 'stable'

return True

def __ne__(self, other):
        return not (self == other)

def text(self, skip_data=('files', 'summary', 'rights', 'solution')):
        head = """
===============================================================================
  %(title)s
===============================================================================
  Update ID : %(update_id)s
    Release : %(release)s
       Type : %(type)s
     Status : %(status)s
     Issued : %(issued)s
""" % self._md

if self._md['updated'] and self._md['updated'] != self._md['issued']:
            head += "    Updated : %s" % self._md['updated']

# Add our bugzilla references
        bzs = filter(lambda r: r['type'] == 'bugzilla', self._md['references'])
        if len(bzs) and 'bugs' not in skip_data:
            buglist = "       Bugs :"
            for bz in bzs:
                buglist += " %s%s\n\t    :" % (bz['id'], 'title' in bz
                                               and ' - %s' % bz['title'] or '')
            head += buglist[: - 1].rstrip() + '\n'

# Add our CVE references
        cves = filter(lambda r: r['type'] == 'cve', self._md['references'])
        if len(cves) and 'cves' not in skip_data:
            cvelist = "       CVEs :"
            for cve in cves:
                cvelist += " %s\n\t    :" % cve['id']
            head += cvelist[: - 1].rstrip() + '\n'

if self._md['summary'] and 'summary' not in skip_data:
            data = utf8_text_wrap(self._md['summary'], width=64,
                                  subsequent_indent=' ' * 12 + ': ')
            head += "    Summary : %s\n" % '\n'.join(data)

if self._md['description'] and 'description' not in skip_data:
            desc = utf8_text_wrap(self._md['description'], width=64,
                                  subsequent_indent=' ' * 12 + ': ')
            head += "Description : %s\n" % '\n'.join(desc)

if self._md['solution'] and 'solution' not in skip_data:
            data = utf8_text_wrap(self._md['solution'], width=64,
                                  subsequent_indent=' ' * 12 + ': ')
            head += "   Solution : %s\n" % '\n'.join(data)

if self._md['rights'] and 'rights' not in skip_data:
            data = utf8_text_wrap(self._md['rights'], width=64,
                                  subsequent_indent=' ' * 12 + ': ')
            head += "     Rights : %s\n" % '\n'.join(data)

if self._md['severity'] and 'severity' not in skip_data:
            data = utf8_text_wrap(self._md['severity'], width=64,
                                  subsequent_indent=' ' * 12 + ': ')
            head += "   Severity : %s\n" % '\n'.join(data)

if 'files' in skip_data:
            return head[:-1] # chop the last '\n'

#  Get a list of arches we care about:
        #XXX ARCH CHANGE - what happens here if we set the arch - we need to
        # pass this in, perhaps
        arches = set(rpmUtils.arch.getArchList())

filelist = "      Files :"
        for pkg in self._md['pkglist']:
            for file in pkg['packages']:
                if file['arch'] not in arches:
                    continue
                filelist += " %s\n\t    :" % file['filename']
        head += filelist[: - 1].rstrip()

return head

def __str__(self):
        return to_utf8(self.text())
    def __unicode__(self):
        return to_unicode(self.text())

def get_metadata(self):
        """ Return the metadata dict. """
        return self._md

def _parse(self, elem):
        """
        Parse an update element::

<!ELEMENT update (id, synopsis?, issued, updated,
                              references, description, rights?,
                              severity?, summary?, solution?, pkglist)>
                <!ATTLIST update type (errata|security) "errata">
                <!ATTLIST update status (final|testing) "final">
                <!ATTLIST update version CDATA #REQUIRED>
                <!ATTLIST update from CDATA #REQUIRED>
        """
        if elem.tag == 'update':
            for attrib in ('from', 'type', 'status', 'version'):
                self._md[attrib] = elem.attrib.get(attrib)
            for child in elem:
                if child.tag == 'id':
                    if not child.text:
                        raise UpdateNoticeException("No id element found")
                    self._md['update_id'] = child.text
                elif child.tag == 'pushcount':
                    self._md['pushcount'] = child.text
                elif child.tag == 'issued':
                    self._md['issued'] = child.attrib.get('date')
                elif child.tag == 'updated':
                    self._md['updated'] = child.attrib.get('date')
                elif child.tag == 'references':
                    self._parse_references(child)
                elif child.tag == 'description':
                    self._md['description'] = child.text
                elif child.tag == 'rights':
                    self._md['rights'] = child.text
                elif child.tag == 'severity':
                    self._md[child.tag] = child.text
                elif child.tag == 'summary':
                    self._md['summary'] = child.text
                elif child.tag == 'solution':
                    self._md['solution'] = child.text
                elif child.tag == 'pkglist':
                    self._parse_pkglist(child)
                elif child.tag == 'title':
                    self._md['title'] = child.text
                elif child.tag == 'release':
                    self._md['release'] = child.text
        else:
            raise UpdateNoticeException('No update element found')

def _parse_references(self, elem):
        """
        Parse the update references::

<!ELEMENT references (reference*)>
            <!ELEMENT reference>
                <!ATTLIST reference href CDATA #REQUIRED>
                <!ATTLIST reference type (self|other|cve|bugzilla) "self">
                <!ATTLIST reference id CDATA #IMPLIED>
                <!ATTLIST reference title CDATA #IMPLIED>
        """
        for reference in elem:
            if reference.tag == 'reference':
                data = {}
                for refattrib in ('id', 'href', 'type', 'title'):
                    data[refattrib] = reference.attrib.get(refattrib)
                self._md['references'].append(data)
            else:
                raise UpdateNoticeException('No reference element found')

def _parse_pkglist(self, elem):
        """
        Parse the package list::

<!ELEMENT pkglist (collection+)>
            <!ELEMENT collection (name?, package+)>
                <!ATTLIST collection short CDATA #IMPLIED>
                <!ATTLIST collection name CDATA #IMPLIED>
            <!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)>
        """
        for collection in elem:
            data = { 'packages' : [] }
            if 'short' in collection.attrib:
                data['short'] = collection.attrib.get('short')
            for item in collection:
                if item.tag == 'name':
                    data['name'] = item.text
                elif item.tag == 'package':
                    data['packages'].append(self._parse_package(item))
            self._md['pkglist'].append(data)

def _parse_package(self, elem):
        """
        Parse an individual package::

<!ELEMENT package (filename, sum, reboot_suggested)>
                <!ATTLIST package name CDATA #REQUIRED>
                <!ATTLIST package version CDATA #REQUIRED>
                <!ATTLIST package release CDATA #REQUIRED>
                <!ATTLIST package arch CDATA #REQUIRED>
                <!ATTLIST package epoch CDATA #REQUIRED>
                <!ATTLIST package src CDATA #REQUIRED>
            <!ELEMENT reboot_suggested (#PCDATA)>
            <!ELEMENT filename (#PCDATA)>
            <!ELEMENT sum (#PCDATA)>
                <!ATTLIST sum type (md5|sha1) "sha1">
        """
        package = {}
        for pkgfield in ('arch', 'epoch', 'name', 'version', 'release', 'src'):
            package[pkgfield] = elem.attrib.get(pkgfield)

#  Bad epoch and arch data is the most common (missed) screwups.
        # Deal with bad epoch data.
        if not package['epoch'] or package['epoch'][0] not in '0123456789':
            package['epoch'] = None

for child in elem:
            if child.tag == 'filename':
                package['filename'] = child.text
            elif child.tag == 'sum':
                package['sum'] = (child.attrib.get('type'), child.text)
            elif child.tag == 'reboot_suggested':
                self._md['reboot_suggested'] = True
        return package

def xml(self):
        """Generate the xml for this update notice object"""
        msg = """
<update from="%s" status="%s" type="%s" version="%s">
  <id>%s</id>
  <title>%s</title>
  <release>%s</release>
  <issued date="%s"/>
  <description>%s</description>\n""" % (to_xml(self._md['from']),
                to_xml(self._md['status']), to_xml(self._md['type']),
                to_xml(self._md['version']), to_xml(self._md['update_id']),
                to_xml(self._md['title']), to_xml(self._md['release']),
                to_xml(self._md['issued'], attrib=True),
                to_xml(self._md['description']))
        if self._md['updated']:
            # include the updated date in the generated xml
            msg += """ <updated date="%s"/>\n""" % (to_xml(self._md['updated'], attrib=True))
        if self._md['summary']:
            msg += """  <summary>%s</summary>\n""" % (to_xml(self._md['summary']))
        if self._md['solution']:
            msg += """  <solution>%s</solution>\n""" % (to_xml(self._md['solution']))
        if self._md['rights']:
            msg += """  <rights>%s</rights>\n""" % (to_xml(self._md['rights']))        
        if self._md['severity']:
            msg += """  <severity>%s</severity>\n""" % (to_xml(self._md['severity']))

if self._md['references']:
            msg += """  <references>\n"""
            for ref in self._md['references']:
                if ref['title']:
                    msg += """    <reference href="%s" id="%s" title="%s" type="%s"/>\n""" % (
                    to_xml(ref['href'], attrib=True), to_xml(ref['id'], attrib=True),
                    to_xml(ref['title'], attrib=True), to_xml(ref['type'], attrib=True))
                else:
                    msg += """    <reference href="%s" id="%s"  type="%s"/>\n""" % (
                    to_xml(ref['href'], attrib=True), to_xml(ref['id'], attrib=True),
                    to_xml(ref['type'], attrib=True))

msg += """  </references>\n"""
        
        if self._md['pkglist']:
            msg += """  <pkglist>\n"""
            for coll in self._md['pkglist']:
                msg += """    <collection short="%s">\n      <name>%s</name>\n""" % (
                      to_xml(coll['short'], attrib=True),
                      to_xml(coll['name']))
  
                for pkg in coll['packages']:
                    msg += """      <package arch="%s" name="%s" release="%s" src="%s" version="%s" epoch="%s">
        <filename>%s</filename>
      </package>\n""" % (to_xml(pkg['arch'], attrib=True),
                                to_xml(pkg['name'], attrib=True),
                                to_xml(pkg['release'], attrib=True),
                                to_xml(pkg['src'], attrib=True),
                                to_xml(pkg['version'], attrib=True),
                                to_xml(pkg['epoch'] or '0', attrib=True),
                                to_xml(pkg['filename']))
                msg += """    </collection>\n"""
            msg += """  </pkglist>\n"""
        msg += """</update>\n"""
        return msg

def _rpm_tup_vercmp(tup1, tup2):
    """ Compare two "std." tuples, (n, a, e, v, r). """
    return rpmUtils.miscutils.compareEVR((tup1[2], tup1[3], tup1[4]),
                                         (tup2[2], tup2[3], tup2[4]))

class UpdateMetadata(object):

"""
    The root update metadata object.
    """

def __init__(self, repos=[], logger=None, vlogger=None):
        self._notices = {}
        self._cache = {}    # a pkg nvr => notice cache for quick lookups
        self._no_cache = {}    # a pkg name only => notice list
        self._repos = []    # list of repo ids that we've parsed

self._logger  = logger
        self._vlogger = vlogger

for repo in repos:
            try: # attempt to grab the updateinfo.xml.gz from the repodata
                self.add(repo)
            except Errors.RepoMDError:
                continue # No metadata found for this repo

self.arch_storage = ArchStorage()
        self.archlist = self.arch_storage.archlist

def get_notices(self, name=None):
        """ Return all notices. """
        if name is None:
            return self._notices.values()
        return name in self._no_cache and self._no_cache[name] or []

notices = property(get_notices)

def get_notice(self, nvr):
        """
        Retrieve an update notice for a given (name, version, release) string
        or tuple.
        """
        if type(nvr) in (type([]), type(())):
            nvr = '-'.join(nvr)
        return self._cache.get(nvr) or None

#  The problem with the above "get_notice" is that not everyone updates
    # daily. So if you are at pkg-1, pkg-2 has a security notice, and pkg-3
    # has a BZ fix notice. All you can see is the BZ notice for the new "pkg-3"
    # with the above.
    #  So now instead you lookup based on the _installed_ pkg.pkgtup, and get
    # two notices, in order: [(pkgtup-3, notice), (pkgtup-2, notice)]
    # the reason for the sorting order is that the first match will give you
    # the minimum pkg you need to move to.
    def get_applicable_notices(self, pkgtup):
        """
        Retrieve any update notices which are newer than a
        given std. pkgtup (name, arch, epoch, version, release) tuple.
        Returns: list of (pkgtup, notice) that are newer than the given pkgtup,
                 in the order of newest pkgtups first.
        """
        oldpkgtup = pkgtup
        name = oldpkgtup[0]
        arch = oldpkgtup[1]
        ret = []
        other_arch_list = []
        notices = set()
        for notice in self.get_notices(name):
            for upkg in notice['pkglist']:
                for pkg in upkg['packages']:
                    other_arch = False
                    if pkg['name'] != name or pkg['arch'] != arch:
                        if (notice not in notices and pkg['name'] == name and pkg['arch'] in self.archlist):
                            other_arch = True
                        else:
                            continue
                    pkgtup = (pkg['name'], pkg['arch'], pkg['epoch'] or '0',
                              pkg['version'], pkg['release'])
                    if _rpm_tup_vercmp(pkgtup, oldpkgtup) <= 0:
                        continue
                    if other_arch:
                        other_arch_list.append((pkgtup, notice))
                    else:
                        ret.append((pkgtup, notice))
                        notices.add(notice)
        for pkgtup, notice in other_arch_list:
            if notice not in notices:
                ret.append((pkgtup, notice))
        ret.sort(cmp=_rpm_tup_vercmp, key=lambda x: x[0], reverse=True)
        return ret

def add_notice(self, un):
        """ Add an UpdateNotice object. This should be fully populated with
            data, esp. update_id and pkglist/packages. """
        if not un or not un["update_id"]:
            return False

#  This is "special", the main thing we want to deal with here is
        # having one errata that has multiple packages in it rpmA and rpmB, but
        # the packages are in repos. repoA and repoB. So instead of doing a
        # single errata pointing to both rpmA and rpmB and put the same thing
        # in both repodata (which is legal, and works fine) people want to have
        # just the packages from repoA in the repodata for repoA and vice versa.
        if un['update_id'] in self._notices:
            oun = self._notices[un['update_id']]
            if oun != un:
                return False

# Ok, main parts of errata are the same, so now merge references:
            seen = set()
            for ref in oun['references']:
                seen.add(ref['id'])
            for ref in un['references']:
                if ref['id'] in seen:
                    continue
                seen.add(ref['id'])
                oun['references'].append(ref)

# ...and pkglist (this assumes that a pkglist name XYZ is the same):
            seen = set()
            for pkg in oun['pkglist']:
                seen.add(pkg['name'])
            for pkg in un['pkglist']:
                if pkg['name'] in seen:
                    continue
                seen.add(pkg['name'])
                oun['pkglist'].append(pkg)

un = oun

self._notices[un['update_id']] = un
        for pkg in un['pkglist']:
            for filedata in pkg['packages']:
                self._cache['%s-%s-%s' % (filedata['name'],
                                          filedata['version'],
                                          filedata['release'])] = un
                no = self._no_cache.setdefault(filedata['name'], set())
                no.add(un)

return True

def add(self, obj, mdtype='updateinfo'):
        """ Parse a metadata from a given YumRepository, file, or filename. """

def _rid(repoid, fmt=_(' (from %s)')):
            if not repoid:
                return ''
            return fmt % repoid

if not obj:
            raise UpdateNoticeException
        repoid = None
        if type(obj) in (type(''), type(u'')):
            unfile = decompress(obj)
            infile = open(unfile, 'rt')

elif isinstance(obj, YumRepository):
            if obj.id not in self._repos:
                repoid = obj.id
                self._repos.append(obj.id)
                md = obj.retrieveMD(mdtype)
                if not md:
                    raise UpdateNoticeException()
                unfile = repo_gen_decompress(md, 'updateinfo.xml')
                infile = open(unfile, 'rt')
        elif isinstance(obj, FakeRepository):
            raise Errors.RepoMDError, "No updateinfo for local pkg"
        else:   # obj is a file object
            infile = obj

have_dup = False
        for event, elem in safe_iterparse(infile, logger=self._logger):
            if elem.tag == 'update':
                try:
                    un = UpdateNotice(elem, repoid, self._vlogger)
                except UpdateNoticeException, e:
                    msg = _("An update notice%s is broken, skipping.") % _rid(repoid)
                    if self._vlogger:
                        self._vlogger.log(logginglevels.DEBUG_1, "%s", msg)
                    else:
                        print >> sys.stderr, msg
                    continue

if not self.add_notice(un):
                    msg = _("Update notice %s%s is broken, or a bad duplicate, skipping.") % (un['update_id'], _rid(repoid))
                    if not have_dup:
                        msg += _('\nYou should report this problem to the owner of the %srepository.') % _rid(repoid, "%s ")
                        msg += _('\nTo help pinpoint the issue, please attach the output of "yum updateinfo --verbose" to the report.')
                    have_dup = True
                    if self._vlogger:
                        self._vlogger.warn("%s", msg)
                    else:
                        print >> sys.stderr, msg

def __unicode__(self):
        ret = u''
        for notice in self.notices:
            ret += unicode(notice)
        return ret
    def __str__(self):
        return to_utf8(self.__unicode__())

def xml(self, fileobj=None):
        msg = """<?xml version="1.0"?>\n<updates>"""
        if fileobj:
            fileobj.write(msg)

for notice in self._notices.values():
            if fileobj:
                fileobj.write(notice.xml())
            else:
                msg += notice.xml()

end = """</updates>\n"""
        if fileobj:
            fileobj.write(end)
        else:
            msg += end

if fileobj:
            return

return msg

def main():
    """ update_md test function. """
    import yum.misc

yum.misc.setup_locale()
    def usage():
        print >> sys.stderr, "Usage: %s <update metadata> ..." % sys.argv[0]
        sys.exit(1)

if len(sys.argv) < 2:
        usage()

try:
        print sys.argv[1]
        um = UpdateMetadata()
        for srcfile in sys.argv[1:]:
            um.add(srcfile)
        print unicode(um)
    except IOError:
        print >> sys.stderr, "%s: No such file:\'%s\'" % (sys.argv[0],
                                                          sys.argv[1:])
        usage()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()